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Your Trading Education Hub
Everything you need to learn, from market foundations to advanced strategies. Follow the path below or jump to any topic from the menu above. Each page goes deep — this home page connects the dots.
What's inside
Stock Market
General Market Market Structure Price Action Earnings
Setups
Breakout Flat Base Episodic Pivot VCP + 7 more
Trading
Day Trading Swing Trading LEAPS
Market Wizards
Qullamaggie Minervini O'Neil Hustler – FMITC
The learning path
Stage 1 — Foundations
How markets work, what moves price, how to read structure (HH/HL/BOS/CHoCH), candlestick patterns, volume, and why risk management keeps you alive.
Stage 2 — Basic setups
Clean, visual setups that require patience, not speed. Master these before moving on.
Stage 3 — Momentum & edge setups
Where most swing traders make real money. These setups have strong edges when traded in Stage 2 stocks.
Stage 4 — Intraday & advanced
Only move here after you're net profitable on swing trades. Requires sharper execution and faster decisions.
Stage 5 — Options & leverage
Options are a tool, not a strategy. Start with LEAPS before touching short-dated contracts.
The 10 Commandments of Trading
The rules that never change. Each one is a hard lesson that cost somebody's account. Burn them in.
01
Protect your capital first
A 50% loss requires a 100% gain to recover. Survival is priority #1. Capital is your raw material.
02
Max 1% risk per trade
Pre-calculate your loss before you enter. If your stop is hit, it should never hurt more than 1% of capital.
03
Follow the trend
The market is always right. Cut losers fast, let winners run. Market Structure
04
Only Stage 2 stocks
Price above rising MA50, MA150, MA200. No exceptions. Weinstein Stages
05
Volume confirms everything
A breakout without volume is a lie. 2x+ average volume is the minimum. Volume Analysis
06
Patience is a position
Cash is a position. Waiting for the right setup is a skill, not laziness. Don't trade boredom.
07
Journal every trade
Entry, exit, reasoning, emotions, lesson. Without this loop you repeat the same mistakes forever.
08
Reduce in bad markets
75% of stocks follow the broad market. When SPY is in correction, raise cash and wait.
09
Concentrate, don't diversify
5-10 positions max. Put your best capital behind your best ideas. Quality over quantity.
10
Master your emotions
FOMO, revenge trading, euphoria — they all cost money. Trading is a business, not a casino.
Daily Routine
1
Pre-market
Check SPY/QQQ futures. Pre-market gaps. Today's earnings. Review open positions. 2-3 setups to watch.
2
Open (9:30-10:00)
Watch first 30 min. Don't act impulsively. Check that setups behave as planned.
3
Session
Execute planned setups only. Manage stops. Monitor volume. Don't improvise.
4
Post-market
Log trades in the journal. Add screenshots. Scan for tomorrow. Adjust stops.
5
Weekend review
Weekly charts. Market health. Review the week. Build next week's watchlist.
Discipline checklist
I never move my stop to "give it more room"
I don't average down on losers
I follow my plan even when my ego says otherwise
I don't trade after a big loss
No revenge trading — I move on
I don't read opinions after entering
I improve every week with this journal
A good trade can lose. A bad trade can win
Process over 100 trades, not just 1
Performance targets
Win rate: >50%
Profit factor: >2.0
Avg win/loss: >2:1
!Max drawdown: <15%
!Max daily loss: -2%
!Max positions: 6-8
Cash mode if -5%/month
Review after 5 losses
Journal every day
My Personal Notes Click to edit
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Mentor · Community · Free education
Hustler FMITC
A mentor who shaped my trading journey through discipline, knowledge, and consistency.
15+ years in the markets Teaches daily, for free Macedonian community
A personal thank you

Hustler — admin in FMITC community — is the reason I started taking trading seriously as a craft, not a gamble. He has spent more than fifteen years working the markets, and instead of locking that experience behind a paywall, he shows up every single day to teach, review charts, and answer questions for anyone who wants to learn.

His classroom is a free, Macedonian-speaking community, and the bar he sets is simple: study hard, respect risk, and keep improving. This page exists to recognize that work and to collect everything I have learned from him in one place so I never lose the thread.

This is not a marketing page. It is a quiet thank-you from a student who would not be on this path without him.

Trading philosophy
Momentum & breakouts
Trade the strongest names in confirmed uptrends. Let the leaders lead — don't fight the market, align with it.
Risk first, profit second
Every trade has a pre-defined stop. Survival comes before upside. If risk is wrong, the trade is wrong.
Always a student
Learn from the traders who already did it. Study charts daily. Review your mistakes honestly.
Discipline beats talent
Structure, routines, and consistency compound. A boring process is how real accounts are built.
Community over ego
Share what you know. Ask when you don't. The group lifts every member who does the work.
Process, not predictions
Nobody calls the top. Execute clean setups, manage risk, and the edge shows up over hundreds of trades.
Inspirations
Kristjan Kullamägi
Qullamaggie
Swedish swing trader who turned a small account into nine figures trading episodic pivots, breakouts, and parabolic shorts. Public, generous teacher.
Mark Minervini
SEPA · U.S. Investing Champion
Momentum investing with strict fundamentals, VCP bases, and ruthless risk control. The blueprint for disciplined growth-stock trading.
William J. O'Neil
CAN SLIM · Founder of IBD
The methodology that defined modern leadership-stock investing. Earnings, leaders, institutional sponsorship — the foundation every serious trader studies.
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Join the FMITC Community
One of the best free Discord communities for trading education. Daily market analysis, live chart reviews, setup discussions, and a supportive group of traders dedicated to continuous improvement — all in Macedonian. Whether you're a beginner or experienced, the community is here to help you grow.
Join Discord Community
Free
100% free education
Daily
Active every trading day
Quality
Real traders, real growth
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Community knowledge & archive
Reference site: fmitc.codeberg.page. Add your own links, articles, and external resources below.
What I learned from Hustler Click to edit
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Market Wizard
Kristjan Kullamägi
Known as Qullamaggie. Swedish swing trader who turned a small account into nine figures trading momentum stocks. One of the most transparent and generous educators in modern trading.
Momentum Swing Trading $100M+ account
His Edge

Qullamaggie's edge is riding momentum breakouts and episodic pivots. He buys stocks that have a catalyst (earnings, news, sector rotation) and are breaking out of a consolidation on massive volume. His holding period is typically 1-20 days.

He also shorts parabolic stocks — names that have gone vertical and show signs of exhaustion. His short setups are high-conviction, quick trades.

Achievements
  • Grew a small account to $100M+ in verified gains
  • Publicly streams his trading and education for free on Twitch/YouTube
  • Documented his journey from ~$5K starting capital
  • One of the most followed momentum traders worldwide
  • Proved that momentum trading scales to nine figures
Core Rules & Principles
1Trade only the strongest names — buy stocks showing relative strength, not beaten-down value plays
2Wait for the setup — patience is everything. Most of the year he's in cash waiting for the right conditions
3Cut losses immediately — if the breakout fails, you're out. No hoping, no averaging down
4Let winners run — use trailing stops, not fixed targets. Big moves pay for many small losses
5Volume confirms everything — a breakout without volume is a fake-out. He demands 2x+ average volume
6Risk small, win big — risk 0.25%-1% per trade, let the asymmetry of big winners do the work
7Adapt to market conditions — in bear markets, go to cash. Don't fight the tape
8Review every trade — he reviews charts daily and keeps a detailed journal
What to Learn from Him
  • Episodic Pivots — his signature setup. A catalyst event + massive gap + flag consolidation = entry
  • Breakout trading — how to identify and trade clean breakouts from tight bases
  • Parabolic shorts — how to short stocks that have gone vertical and show exhaustion
  • Position sizing — how to scale in and manage risk across multiple positions
  • The power of cash — being flat IS a position. Waiting for the right setup is a skill
  • Transparency — he shares losses as openly as wins, teaching you that losing is part of the game
My Notes — Qullamaggie Click to edit
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Market Wizard
Mark Minervini
U.S. Investing Champion and author of Trade Like a Stock Market Wizard. Creator of the SEPA methodology — Specific Entry Point Analysis. The benchmark for disciplined growth-stock trading.
SEPA Growth Stocks U.S. Champion
His Edge

Minervini's edge is buying leading growth stocks at precise entry points using his SEPA framework. He combines technical analysis (VCP patterns, stage analysis) with strict fundamental criteria (accelerating EPS, revenue growth, institutional sponsorship).

His position sizing and risk management are legendary — he risks 0.5%-1.25% per trade and has achieved 220% annual returns with single-digit drawdowns.

Achievements
  • U.S. Investing Championship winner — multiple times with returns of 155%+ in a single year
  • Averaged 220% annual return over a 5-year period
  • Author of two bestselling books on trading methodology
  • Featured in Jack Schwager's Stock Market Wizards
  • Built his fortune from a small starting capital through disciplined execution
  • Created the VCP (Volatility Contraction Pattern) framework used worldwide
Core Rules & Principles
1Only buy Stage 2 stocks — price above MA50, MA150, MA200, all rising
2Demand earnings acceleration — EPS growth must be accelerating quarter over quarter
3Buy at the pivot point — enter only at the VCP breakout, never chase
4Risk 0.5%-1.25% maximum — never more, even for "sure things"
5Sell into strength — take profits when the crowd is euphoric, not when panic sets in
6Protect capital first — a 50% loss requires a 100% gain to recover. Survival is priority #1
7Concentrate positions — 5-8 positions max. Diversification dilutes returns
8Keep a detailed journal — review every trade, track every setup, measure every metric
What to Learn from Him
  • VCP Pattern — volatility contraction as the ultimate entry timing tool
  • Stage Analysis — Weinstein's 4 stages applied to modern growth stocks
  • SEPA checklist — a systematic entry criteria that removes guesswork
  • Risk management math — the specific formulas for position sizing and stop placement
  • Earnings analysis — how to read EPS acceleration and revenue trends
  • Selling discipline — when to take profits and when to let winners run
My Notes — Mark Minervini Click to edit
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Market Wizard
William J. O'Neil
Founder of Investor's Business Daily and creator of the CAN SLIM methodology. The godfather of growth-stock investing and the man who taught a generation of traders how to find leaders before they lead.
CAN SLIM IBD Founder Pioneer
His Edge

O'Neil's edge is systematic stock selection through the CAN SLIM framework — a 7-factor checklist combining Current earnings, Annual earnings, New products/management, Supply & demand, Leaders, Institutional sponsorship, and Market direction.

He proved that the biggest stock winners of every decade share the same fundamental and technical characteristics — and that those characteristics can be identified before the move.

Achievements
  • Founded Investor's Business Daily (IBD) — one of the most influential financial publications
  • Made his first million by age 30 trading stocks in the 1960s
  • Bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange at age 30
  • His book "How to Make Money in Stocks" has sold 2M+ copies
  • Created the O'Neil Database — the most comprehensive study of winning stocks in history
  • Influenced every major momentum trader of the last 50 years
CAN SLIM — The 7 Pillars
CCurrent quarterly EPS — minimum +25% year-over-year, ideally accelerating
AAnnual earnings growth — 25%+ over the last 3-5 years with consistent uptrend
NNew product, management, or price high — something new is driving the stock
SSupply and demand — look for tight float, low supply, and high demand (volume)
LLeader or laggard? — buy the #1 stock in the #1 industry group, never the follower
IInstitutional sponsorship — smart money (Fidelity, T. Rowe) must be accumulating
MMarket direction — 75% of stocks follow the market. Only buy in a confirmed uptrend
What to Learn from Him
  • CAN SLIM stock selection — the systematic checklist that filters thousands of stocks down to the few worth buying
  • Cup with Handle pattern — the base pattern that preceded many of the greatest stock winners in history
  • Market direction analysis — how to use follow-through days and distribution days to time the market
  • Relative Strength — always buy the strongest stocks relative to the market, never the cheapest
  • Selling rules — the 7-8% stop loss rule and the 20-25% profit-taking rule
  • Historical precedent — studying 100 years of winners teaches you what to look for today
My Notes — William O'Neil Click to edit
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Qullamaggie · Kristjan Kullamägi
Episodic Pivot
A major catalyst event — earnings surprise, FDA approval, transformative partnership — triggers a structural repricing. The stock gaps up massively on volume 10–50× its average, resetting to a new price level. Institutions rush in, creating a clean entry point with defined risk.
Momentum High Win Rate Intraday Entry Catalyst-driven Volume 10–50× avg
BASE CATALYST ↑ 10–50× VOL
How it works

The Episodic Pivot is triggered by an unpredictable binary event that changes investors' perception of a stock. The market must literally reprice the stock to a new level — former buyers take profit, shorts cover, and new institutional investors enter simultaneously.

The key is the extraordinary volume (10× to 50× the average): it confirms that major players are involved. Without this volume, the gap can close quickly.

Qullamaggie often enters in the first minutes of the open, once the gap direction is confirmed. He then looks for a pullback to VWAP or the gap zone as an add-on entry point.

Requirements
1Identifiable major catalyst: earnings >20% surprise, FDA, transformative acquisition
2Gap day volume: minimum 5×, ideally 10–50× the 20-day average
3Gap of at least 15–20% — structural repricing, not just a strong day
4Stock was in a base (flat, little attention) before the catalyst — the more "undiscovered", the better
5Low float preferred (under 50M shares) — amplifies the move
Entry
1At the open if the gap is confirmed and volume is explosive in the first minutes
2Pullback to VWAP or bottom of the gap — 2nd entry tranche
3Breakout of an intraday range formed in the first hour
4Initial size 25–50% of position, then add on confirmation
Exit
1Stop below the gap low or below VWAP if intraday entry
2Trail the stop with previous session lows
3Sell if volume dries up and price stops making new highs
4Partial exit at +20–30% within 5 days (quick profit taking)
Risk management
1Max risk per trade: 0.5–1% of total capital
2Don't chase if the stock has already moved >20% from the gap open
3Avoid gaps on low volume — a common trap
4No more than 3 simultaneous episodic pivot positions
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Very defined risk — the gap creates an obvious natural stop level
Exceptional R:R on the best setups (5:1 to 20:1)
The catalyst eliminates ambiguity — either the market reacts strongly, or it doesn't
Works in any market environment (bull or bear)
Clear momentum — easy to identify visually
Weaknesses
High slippage at open for high-volume stocks
Hard to size correctly before seeing the open
Many false catalysts — reading fundamental news required
Gap can close brutally if the catalyst is a "sell the news" event
Psychologically difficult to buy after a +30% gap
YouTube Videos
Articles & Links
PDFs & Documents
My Notes — Episodic Pivot Click to edit
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Qullamaggie · Kristjan Kullamägi
Breakout
A stock consolidates for weeks or months in a tight range with drying volume — a sign of institutional accumulation. When buyers take control, price breaks through resistance on explosive volume, triggering an extended bullish phase.
Momentum Trend Following Consolidation 4–20 sem. Volume breakout Position Trade
RESISTANCE CONSOLIDATION BREAKOUT → DRY VOLUME HIGH VOL
How it works

The Breakout is one of Qullamaggie's most classic setups. The principle is simple: the best stocks in Stage 2 (uptrend) make brief pauses of several weeks to months, allowing institutions to accumulate quietly.

The signature of accumulation is the volume drying up progressively during the consolidation. When volume returns massively and price breaks the resistance, that's the signal that institutions have finished accumulating and let the price run.

Qullamaggie looks for tight bases of 4 to 20 weeks, with an amplitude of less than 25–30%. The tighter the base, the greater the potential upside.

Requirements
1Stock in Stage 2 — underlying uptrend, above MA50 and MA200
2Consolidation of 4 to 20 weeks, range <30% (ideally <20%)
3Volume drying up progressively toward the end of the base (VCP)
4Strong relative strength vs the market during consolidation
5Breakout on volume ≥2× average — prefer ≥3× for more conviction
Entry
1Buy at the pivot point breakout — as soon as price closes above resistance
2Buy stop placed 0.10–0.20% above the pivot for automatic entry
3Add to position if the stock forms a flag or short pause post-breakout
4Don't enter if the breakout is already 5%+ above the pivot without you
Exit
1Initial stop: below the base low or below the pivot (-3 to -8%)
2Trail the stop below successive weekly lows
3Exit if stock closes below MA10 or MA20 on strong volume
4Partial profit-taking at +20–25%, then let the rest run
Risk management
1Max risk 1% of portfolio per trade
2Reduce size if the general market is weak or in correction
3Avoid end-of-day breakouts with ambiguous volume
4Maximum 5–6 simultaneous positions (concentration, not diversification)
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Highly repeatable and systematic setup — clear rules, backtestable
Excellent R:R when the market is in an uptrend (3:1 to 10:1)
Natural stop loss below the base — logical and defensible
Can lead to position trades lasting weeks or months
Tight base = minimal drawdown during consolidation
Weaknesses
High failure rate in bear or sideways markets (many false breakouts)
Requires patience — good bases can take months to form
Daily screening required to not miss setups
Psychologically hard to hold a position during pullbacks
Can be stopped by "whipsaws" in volatile markets
YouTube Videos
Articles & Links
PDFs & Documents
My Notes — Breakout Click to edit
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Qullamaggie · Kristjan Kullamägi
Parabolic Short
A stock rises exponentially (+100–500% in 1–3 months), attracts retail euphoria, then shows signs of exhaustion. The Parabolic Short consists of shorting these stocks when the trend reverses, capturing the brutal return to reality.
Short Selling Contre-tendance +100% en <3 mois Exhaustion High Risk / High Reward
SHORT ENTRY ZONE CLIMAX
How it works

The Parabolic Short exploits market irrationality in its final phase. When a stock rises exponentially, it attracts a crowd of retail traders buying out of FOMO. This euphoria creates a volume climax — everyone who wanted to buy has already bought, and all that's left is to sell.

Exhaustion signs include: outside reversal days (open high, close low on huge volume), exhaustion gaps, days where price rises little despite record volume, or a final acceleration in a red candle after a long series of green candles.

Qullamaggie waits for the first day of pronounced weakness after the climax — that's where he enters short with a tight stop above the recent high.

Requirements
1Stock up at least +100% in less than 3 months (ideally +200%+)
2Visible parabolic move — slope accelerating upward (near-vertical)
3Exhaustion sign: outside reversal, volume climax, exhaustion gap
4Absence of any fundamental catalyst justifying the rise (pure hype)
5Neutral or bearish general market preferred (no headwinds on the short)
Entry (Short)
1First failure at the high — price fails to make a new intraday high
2Short on the first pullback after the climax day
3Or on breakdown of an intraday support formed after the pivot
4Start with 50% of the position, add if the breakdown confirms
Cover (buy back)
1Stop-buy above the high of the climax day or the first reversal day
2Cover 50% at -15–20%, let the rest run
3Cover at major support (MA200, key technical level)
4Cover all if general market turns strongly bullish
Risk management
1Very tight stop — never more than 5–7% risk on this type of trade
2Watch for short squeezes — reduced position size mandatory
3Avoid stocks with borrow fees >50% (too costly)
4Never short a stock that is rising without a clear exhaustion sign
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Enormous profit potential — mean reversion can be -50% to -90%
Very defined stop: above the high = immediate exit
Works just as well in a bull market (the same stocks collapse)
Psychologically counter-intuitive = less competition
Weaknesses
Risk of brutal short squeeze — losses can theoretically be unlimited
Very difficult to time precisely — "the trend is your enemy"
Borrowing fees can eat profits if the position lasts
Requires access to borrow (not always available on meme stocks)
Emotionally very stressful to short a stock that is still rising
YouTube Videos
Articles & Links
PDFs & Documents
My Notes — Parabolic Short Click to edit
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Mark Minervini · SEPA Methodology
Volatility Contraction Pattern
The VCP (Volatility Contraction Pattern) is the graphical signature of institutional accumulation. A stock in an uptrenddance uptrend makes a series of corrections de plus en plus petites with un volume drying up — until a ultra-tight pivot point where it can explode.
SEPA Method Stage 2 Only Vol. Contraction Institutional Footprint Precision Entry
C1 ~20% C2 ~12% C3 ~6% PIVOT
How it works

The VCP is the foundation of Mark Minervini's SEPA methodology. The core idea: institutions progressively accumulate a stock by absorbing sell offers. Each correction is shallower than the previous, and volume reduces — the signature of "drying supply".

Minervini typically identifies 2 to 4 contractions (C1, C2, C3, sometimes C4), each of smaller amplitude. The rule: each contraction must be smaller than the previous in amplitude and volume.

At the final pivot point (after the last contraction), the range is minimal (5–10%), volume is at its lowest, and price is ready to explode. The breakout must happen on volume 2 to 3× above the average to be valid.

Minervini SEPA Criteria
1Stage 2 mandatory: price > MA50 > MA150 > MA200, MA200 rising for >1 month
2Price within 25% of its 52-week high — near the top, not in a deep base
3Relative strength vs S&P500 ≥ 70 over the last 12 months
42 to 4 visible contractions, each smaller than the previous
5Volume at its lowest on the last contractions (volume dry-up)
6Breakout on 2–3× average volume — institutional accumulation confirmation
Entry
1Buy at the exact pivot point — above the high of the last contraction
2Buy stop placed 0.05–0.10% above the pivot
3Confirm volume is 2–3× above average before entering
4Don't enter if price is already 5%+ above the pivot
Exit
1Initial stop: -7 to -8% below entry price (the 7–8% rule)
2Exit if price closes below the pivot point
3Trail stop with weekly MA10 once +15%
4Target: at +20% sell 1/3 and let the rest run
Risk management
1Size: max risk 0.5–1.25% of portfolio per position
2Pyramid only if the trade is profitable and the market is favorable
3Reduce total exposure in bear market — cash is a position
4Never more than 10–12 simultaneous positions
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Very precise entry — well-defined pivot point, logical and tight stop
Based on institutional accumulation — you trade with the "smart money"
Excellent R:R when well identified (5:1 to 15:1 on the best ones)
Complete and systematic method — objective SEPA criteria
Proven over decades by Minervini (700%+ in 5 years)
Weaknesses
Requires deep fundamental analysis (earnings, revenue)
Time-consuming screening — true VCPs are rare and take time to identify
Can generate several consecutive stops in a difficult market
Long learning curve to identify contractions correctly
Not suitable for bear markets — the method requires a bull environment
YouTube Videos
Articles & Links
PDFs & Documents
My Notes — VCP Click to edit
✓ Saved
Desiano Vincent
Breakout & Retest
One of the most reliable setups in technical trading. A major resistance is broken with conviction, thens le prix revient test this level — now turned into support. Ce retest offers a minimal-risk entry with un stop logique juste en dessous.
Structure-Based High Probability Confirmation Entry Multi-timeframe Clean Risk/Reward
RESISTANCE → SUPPORT T1 T2 T3 BREAK RETEST
How it works

The Breakout & Retest is built on a fundamental principle of technical analysis: former resistance levels become support once broken. Desiano Vincent uses this principle to enter with the best possible precision.

The psychological logic is powerful: traders who sold at the resistance now see price rising above it — they regret their exit, and will buy back at the same level on the pullback. New buyers see a second chance. This confluence creates a wall of buyers at the retest.

The key according to Vincent: the pullback must happen on low volume (no urgency to sell) and the bounce off the level must occur on rising volume. An ideal retest often forms a pinbar, bullish engulfing, or inside bar at the level.

Requirements
1Resistance "tested" at least 2–3 times — more touches = more validity
2Breakout on significant volume (≥1.5–2× average)
3Price closes above resistance — not just a wick
4Retest pullback on contracting volume — no panic selling
5Price respects the level (doesn't close below it) at the time of the retest
6Confirmation signal on the retest (pinbar, engulfing, inside bar)
Entry
1Entry on the confirmation candle at the retest (not before)
2Buy limit slightly above the support level (former resistance)
3Confirm the bounce with volume — at least average, ideally strong
4Don't enter if price has already bounced too much from the retest (>3%)
Exit
1Stop below the support level (former resistance) — if broken, setup is invalid
2Stop below the wick of the confirmation candle
3Target: next resistance level or 2–3× the risk
4Partial exit at R:R 1:1 or 1:2, let the rest run with a trailing stop
Risk management
1Very close stop possible — the stop is just below the level
2Max 1% capital risk — take advantage of the tight stop to size larger
3Invalidate if price spends several hours below the level without bouncing
4Don't trade the retest if the general market is in a strong downtrend
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Very tight stop loss = excellent R:R with small risk
Very solid technical logic — based on market psychology
Works across all timeframes (5m, 1h, daily, weekly)
Easy to understand and identify even for beginners
Applicable to all markets (stocks, forex, crypto, futures)
Weaknesses
The retest may never come — you can miss the whole trade
Price can "false-break" and come back below the level (bull trap)
Requires patience — waiting for the retest can take time
Multiple false retests possible before the real signal
In a very strong market, the retest doesn't pull back enough to confirm
YouTube Videos
Articles & Links
PDFs & Documents
My Notes — Breakout & Retest Click to edit
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Mark Minervini · SEPA Methodology
High Tight Flag
The High Tight Flag (HTF) is one of Minervini's rarest and most explosive setups. A stock doubles or triples in 8 weeks or less, then consolidates tightly (10–25%) for 3–5 weeks before taking off even higher. One of the only setups capable of producing +100% gains in a few months.
SEPA Method Setup le plus rare +100% potentiel +100% en <8 sem. Very high conviction
+100% en 8 sem. FLAG 10-25% PIVOT
How it works

The High Tight Flag is described by Minervini as one of the most powerful setups of his career. It occurs when a stock doubles or more in 8 weeks (sometimes in 4–6 weeks), then consolidates very tightly.

The key: the consolidation is short (3–5 weeks) and shallow (10–25%). This tight "flag" signals that sellers have no power — the stock refuses to correct despite the enormous gain. It's the sign that institutions are absorbing every sell order.

On the breakout of the top of the flag, the stock can replicate a move equal to the pole. Minervini used it on stocks like NVDA in 2023, Tesla, and hundreds of other multibaggers.

Strict Criteria (Minervini)
1Pole (flagpole): minimum rise of +100% in 8 weeks or less
2Flag: consolidation of 3 to 5 weeks, range 10–25% maximum
3Volume drying up noticeably during the flag — no distribution
4Stock in Stage 2 confirmed before the pole — underlying uptrend
5Low float preferred — amplifies moves
6Breakout on ≥3× average volume — mandatory confirmation
Entry
1Buy at pivot: breakout above the top of the flag on explosive volume
2Buy stop placed just above the top of the flag
3Start with 50-75% of the intended position
4Don't chase if already +7% above the pivot
Exit
1Initial stop: below the flag low or -10% from the pivot
2Trail stop with the weekly lows
3Minimum target: 1× the height of the pole
4Sell if volume dries up and new highs stop
Risk management
1Rare setup: size LARGER than usual (high conviction)
2Max risk: 1-2% of portfolio (exception to the 1% rule)
3Do NOT sell at +20% — let it run, it's a potential multibagger
4Invalidate if the flag exceeds 6 weeks or corrects >30%
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Exceptional gain potential: +100% to +500% possible post-breakout
Visually very easy to identify — obvious flag on the chart
Logical and tight stop below the flag — asymmetric R:R
Momentum already proven by the pole — not a bet on a dormant stock
Weaknesses
Extremely rare — finding a true HTF can take months
The stock may feel "too expensive" psychologically after +100%
Poor execution: chasing a failed HTF = big loss
Frequent false flags — the consolidation must be truly tight
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Mark Minervini · SEPA Methodology
Power Earnings Gap
The Power Earnings Gap occurs when a company publishes spectacular quarterly results that massively surprise the market. The stock gaps up +10% or more at the open on record volume, signaling that institutions are repricing the stock at a new valuation level. It is one of Minervini's most reliable setups.
SEPA Method Earnings-driven Volume record EPS surprise >15% Institutional buying
EARNINGS GAP GAP ZONE ENTRY RECORD
How it works

The Power Earnings Gap according to Minervini is distinguished from a simple gap by the extraordinary institutional volume and the quality of the underlying financial results. It's not just any gap — it's a structural repricing triggered by transformed fundamentals.

Minervini then looks for a consolidation of 1 to 5 days post-gap, forming a "Power Earnings Gap Base". This mini-consolidation absorbs short-term sellers and creates a defined-risk entry point. The key: price must stay above the low of the gap day at all times.

The difference from the Episodic Pivot (Qullamaggie): Minervini places more emphasis on the fundamentals (EPS, revenue, margins) and often uses the PEG as a trigger to add to an existing VCP position.

Fundamental & Technical Criteria
1EPS surprise : results 15%+ above analyst expectations
2EPS Acceleration : accelerating quarterly growth (e.g.: +50%, +80%, +120%...)
3Revenue growth: +25%+ and accelerating over 3–4 quarters
4Gap minimum : +10% at the open, ideally +15-25%
5Volume record : highest-volume day of the last 52 weeks
6Stock already in Stage 2 or an initial breakout from a base (not in decline)
Entry (2 options)
AAggressive: buy in the first 30 minutes of the gap day if direction is confirmed
BConservative: wait 1–5 days of consolidation (PEG Base), then buy at the pivot
3Confirm that price holds above the midpoint of the gap day
4Add-on if the setup consolidates cleanly during the week
Exit
1Stop: below the low of the gap day (setup invalidation)
2Exit if price closes below the midpoint of the gap day on strong volume
3Partial profit-taking at +20-30%, trail the rest
4Full exit if fundamentals deteriorate next quarter
Risk management
1Max risk: 1% of total capital
2Don't enter if the gap is already >30% without consolidation
3Watch for "sell the news" — disappointing guidance post-gap
4Verify that the sector is not in simultaneous distribution
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Solid fundamental catalyst — not just hype
Record volume = massive institutional accumulation confirmation
Clear, logical stop below the gap day
Combines technical AND fundamental — the most complete setup
Weaknesses
Execution difficulty on the day (slippage, large gap)
Fundamental analysis required before earnings — preparation needed
"Sell the news" possible if expectations were already priced in
Next quarter guidance can ruin a good surprise
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Mark Minervini · William O'Neil
Flat Base
The Flat Base is the tightest and most constructive of all bases. A stock corrects less than 15% from its 52-week high over a period of at least 5 weeks, in a tight sideways range with closes clustered at the top of the range. It's a sign of very clean accumulation — sellers have practically disappeared.
SEPA / CAN SLIM Correction <15% Clean accumulation Min. 5 weeks Very high probability
<15% depth PIVOT DRY VOL EXPLOSION
How it works

The Flat Base is the cleanest formation you can find in technical analysis. A stock in an uptrend pauses, but sellers are so few that price barely corrects — less than 15% from high to low.

The key to the flat base is the behavior of weekly closes: they must be very close to each other, ideally in the last 3 weeks before the breakout. Volume must dry up progressively — proof that institutions have no desire to sell.

According to O'Neil and Minervini, a flat base is often a "2nd stage base" — it forms after a stock has already had a breakout and risen 20–30%. The higher the base within the trend, the more mature and reliable the setup is.

Flat Base Criteria
1Duration : minimum 5 weeks (ideally 5-8 wks.)
2Depth: maximum correction of 15% from high to low
3Tight closes : last 3 weeks close within a 3-5% range
4Volume : decreasing throughout the base (complete dry-up at the end)
5Stock in Stage 2 — price above all moving averages
6Relative strength vs the general market (RS line at a high level)
Entry
1Buy at the pivot: breakout above the top of the base on 2–3× average volume
2Buy stop 0.05–0.10% above the high of the base
3Possible entry on the last day of the base if volume rises
4Don't enter if breakout without volume (+5% or more in pre-market)
Exit
1Stop: below the low of the base (max -8% below the pivot)
2Trail stop with the weekly MA10 after +15%
3Sell 1/3 at +20%, hold 2/3 for further upside
4Exit if stock closes below the top of the base on strong volume
Risk management
1Tight stop = can size larger — take advantage of reduced risk
2Avoid flat bases at the start of a bear market (false signals)
3A flat base after 4+ stages = more volatile, be careful
4Max 1% portfolio risk
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Very tight stop — minimal drawdown before confirmation
Sign of exceptional relative strength (the stock refuses to correct)
Very high probability in a bull market — sign of deep accumulation
Easy to identify — the flatness is obvious on the weekly chart
Weaknesses
Stock often "expensive" (near 52-week high) — psychologically difficult to buy
Rare in a volatile market — stocks correct more
False breakouts possible on low volume — discipline required
A return into the base = mandatory exit, no waiting
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Toby Crabel · Intraday Classic
Opening Range Breakout
The first 5, 15, 30 or 60 minutes of the session define the "opening range". A break above the range high signals intraday bullish momentum; a break below signals bearish. One of the oldest and most reliable intraday setups.
Intraday Momentum 5m / 15m / 30m Same-day exit
How it works

The Opening Range (OR) is the high-low band established in the first minutes of the session — typically the first 5, 15, 30 or 60 minutes. Once that band is set, any break of the high with volume is a signal to go long; any break of the low is a signal to go short.

The logic is simple: the opening minutes are when institutions and retail meet and agree on a short-term fair value. Once price escapes that zone on volume, it usually extends in the same direction because the losing side is forced to cover.

Works best on stocks with a premarket catalyst (earnings, news, sector strength) and on days with a clear SPY/QQQ directional bias. Weak in chop and on FOMC-type days where the first moves are fake.

Requirements
1Liquid stock — average daily volume > 1M shares, tight spreads
2Clear premarket trend or catalyst (gap up/down, news, earnings)
3SPY/QQQ aligned with your trade direction (no counter-trend trades)
4Opening range <1.5% of price (wide ranges produce bad R:R)
5Breakout on volume ≥2× the first 5-min average of the day
6Avoid ORB on FOMC, CPI, NFP release days — whipsaws dominate
Entry
1Mark the OR high and low after the first 15 (or 30) minutes
2Long: buy the break of OR high on volume — stop below OR low
3Short: sell the break of OR low on volume — stop above OR high
4Prefer entries in the first 30 minutes after the range is confirmed
5Only one re-entry allowed if the first attempt fails and reclaims
Exit
1Stop: opposite side of the opening range (OR low for longs)
2First target: 1R (equal to the OR width)
3Second target: 2R — trail the rest with VWAP or MA9
4Hard exit by 3:50 PM ET — never hold an ORB trade overnight
5Exit immediately on a strong VWAP reclaim against you
Risk management
1Max 0.5% portfolio risk per ORB trade — intraday requires tighter sizing
2Max 3 losing trades per day — then step away from the screen
3Never average down on a failed breakout — first stop is the only stop
4Avoid Friday 3:30 PM ORBs — weekend flow distorts the tape
If you trade this with options

ORB is a fast intraday move — you want maximum gamma, low theta exposure, and strikes that react 1:1 to the breakout. Avoid far OTM lottery tickets that need the stock to explode.

DTE
0–2
Weekly or 0DTE on liquid names (SPY, QQQ, AAPL, NVDA, TSLA)
Delta
0.55 – 0.70
Slightly ITM — moves ~60–70¢ per $1 stock move
Gamma
High
Short DTE gives you the biggest delta acceleration on the breakout
Theta
Aggressive
Close same day — theta burns hard after 2 PM ET
IV
Any
Intraday moves rarely depend on vol expansion — focus on direction
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Works across every liquid market — stocks, futures, forex, crypto
Objective rules — no discretion on the entry or stop
Defined risk (OR width) from the very first minute
Fast feedback — you know in 30 minutes if the trade worked
Weaknesses
Whipsaws on low-conviction days and during lunch hour
Requires premarket work and live screening — not passive
FOMC, CPI and earnings days break the setup
Commission drag is real — need to keep size disciplined
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Oscillator · Counter-trend Reversal
Divergence Trading
Price makes a new high (or low) but the momentum oscillator — RSI, MACD, Stochastic — fails to follow. That disagreement between price and momentum signals trend exhaustion and a likely reversal.
RSI / MACD / Stoch Counter-trend Lower win rate / Higher R:R Bullish + Bearish
How it works

A divergence occurs when price and a momentum oscillator disagree. The most useful oscillator is RSI(14), but MACD and Stochastic work too.

Bullish (regular): price makes a lower low but RSI makes a higher low. Selling pressure is weakening — a reversal up is likely.

Bearish (regular): price makes a higher high but RSI makes a lower high. Buying pressure is fading — a reversal down is likely.

Hidden divergence (trend continuation): price makes a higher low but RSI makes a lower low (bullish hidden), or vice versa. Signals the existing trend is resuming after a shallow pullback.

Divergence alone is not a trigger. You need a confirmation candle (engulfing, pinbar, break of structure) before entering.

Requirements
1Established trend — divergences in chop are noise
2At least 2 clear swing points to compare on price and RSI
3RSI touching overbought (>70) or oversold (<30) at the extreme
4Higher timeframe doesn't contradict (don't short a strong weekly uptrend)
5Wait for a confirmation candle on the lower timeframe before entering
6Volume should confirm: rising volume on the reversal candle
Entry
1Spot the divergence on a 1H or 4H chart with RSI(14)
2Drop to 15m and wait for a reversal candle (engulfing, pinbar)
3Enter on the close of the confirmation candle — not before
4Scale in: 50% on confirmation, 50% on structure break
Exit
1Stop: just beyond the extreme swing that formed the divergence
2Target 1: nearest support / resistance, usually 2–3R
3Target 2: prior swing high/low of the larger trend
4Exit immediately if price invalidates the divergence (new extreme)
Risk management
1Max 1% risk — divergences win less often, size accordingly
2Never trade divergence against a clear higher-timeframe trend
3Avoid multiple consecutive divergence attempts — markets can trend longer than you can stay solvent
4Skip if RSI doesn't reach an extreme — no edge in a mid-range divergence
If you trade this with options

Divergences are counter-trend trades with uncertain timing. You want enough time for the reversal to play out without paying too much theta. Avoid 0DTE — the move you're anticipating might take a day or two to set up.

DTE
30 – 45
Enough runway for the reversal; theta is still manageable
Delta
0.40 – 0.55
Near-ATM — captures the reversal without paying deep-ITM premium
Theta
Moderate
Close the trade within 1–2 weeks so theta doesn't eat the R:R
Vega
Positive tailwind
Reversals often come with rising IV — vega works in your favor
IV Rank
< 40
Enter when IV is cheap so you're not paying for extreme pricing
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Objective — visible on the chart without any interpretation
Excellent R:R when the reversal plays out (3:1 to 5:1 typical)
Works in both directions — profitable in bull and bear markets
Sets up near exhaustion zones — logical stop placement
Weaknesses
Lower hit rate than trend-following setups (35–45%)
Strong trends produce multiple failed divergences in a row
Timing is hard — the reversal can delay by days
Requires patience to wait for the confirmation candle
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Active · Same-day Close
Day Trading
A trading style where every position is opened and closed within the same session. No overnight risk. Requires premarket preparation, live focus for 2–4 hours, and strict risk rules. Different setups live under this umbrella: ORB, VWAP reclaim, gap fill, news momentum.
Style No overnight risk Minutes to hours High focus
How it works

A day trader never holds a position overnight. Every trade opens and closes inside the session. The trader exploits intraday order flow: premarket gaps, opening range breakouts, VWAP reclaims, news momentum, and late-day trend extensions.

The session is split into predictable phases:

  • Premarket (4:00–9:30 ET): scanning, news, levels to watch
  • Opening (9:30–10:00 ET): opening range, morning breakouts
  • Mid-morning (10:00–11:30 ET): trend continuation or fade
  • Lunch (11:30 AM–1:30 PM ET): chop — avoid new entries
  • Power hour (3:00–4:00 PM ET): end-of-day trends and MOC flows

The ideal day trader treats it as a job, not a hobby: 2–4 hours of intense focus, 3–8 trades max, and a hard stop when the daily loss limit is hit.

Requirements
1Live data and fast execution (broker + Level 2 book if possible)
2A premarket routine — scan gaps, news, sector strength before 9:30
3A watchlist of 5–10 tickers with clear levels for the day
4Strict daily loss limit (e.g. -2% or 3 losing trades = stop)
5A quiet environment free of distractions for 2–4 hours
6PDT-compliant account (≥ $25k US) for unlimited day trades
Entry
1Only trade planned setups from your watchlist — no impulse trades
2Common triggers: ORB, VWAP reclaim, pullback to MA9/MA20
3Require volume confirmation on every entry
4Skip the first 5 minutes — let the initial chop settle
5No new entries after 3:30 PM ET unless part of the power-hour plan
Exit
1Hard stop on every trade — written before entry
2Scale out: 50% at 1R, trail the rest with VWAP or MA9
3Flat by 3:55 PM ET — no exceptions, no overnight holds
4Exit on VWAP flip against your direction on volume
Risk management
1Max 1% account risk per trade — 0.5% for ORB-style speed
2Max 3 losing trades per day — stop trading, review, journal
3Never average down — exit, re-enter on a new setup
4No revenge trading — walk away after the 3rd loss
5Max daily loss: -2% → hard lockout for the day
If you trade this with options

Day traders using options want pure directional leverage with minimum time decay cost. Use liquid names only — if you can't exit without slippage, you can't day-trade options.

DTE
0 – 7
Same-day, next-day or end-of-week options only
Delta
0.60 – 0.80
ITM — avoid OTM "lottery tickets" unless scalping news gaps
Theta
Very high
Decay is brutal — never hold 0DTE past 3:00 PM ET
Gamma
Maximum
Short DTE = biggest delta acceleration when the trade works
Liquidity
SPY/QQQ/Mag-7
Penny-wide spreads required — illiquid options eat your edge
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
No overnight / weekend risk — sleep without positions
Fast feedback loop — immediate learning from each trade
Can compound daily — 1% per day > 200% per year
Works in any market regime — bull, bear, or choppy
Weaknesses
Mentally exhausting — high screen time, high decision load
Commissions and slippage eat into edge if not managed
US PDT rule limits accounts under $25k to 3 day trades / week
Worst style for emotional traders — revenge trading destroys accounts
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Style · Days to Weeks
Swing Trading
Hold positions from 2 days to several weeks. Capture medium-term trends by buying at pivot points on the daily chart and trailing with moving averages. The preferred style of Minervini, O'Neil, and Qullamaggie.
Style Days to weeks Daily / Weekly Part-time friendly
How it works

The swing trader operates on the daily chart (and sometimes weekly) instead of minutes. Positions are held 2 days to several weeks — long enough to capture real trends, short enough to avoid news risk on any single stock.

The playbook: find stocks in a strong Stage 2 uptrend, identify a clean base (VCP, Flat Base, Cup & Handle), wait for the breakout on volume, enter at the pivot, trail with the weekly MA10 or daily MA20.

Unlike day trading, swing trading is compatible with a full-time job. Research and planning happen on evenings and weekends; the actual execution takes minutes per day.

Requirements
1A daily chart screener — Finviz, TradingView, IBD, Stockbee
2A weekend routine: review your watchlist, mark pivots, plan entries
3Stage 2 market — SPY above 30-week MA, expanding breadth
4Patience: most setups never trigger — that's OK, skip them
5Journal every trade weekly — swing trading is about process, not adrenaline
Entry
1Enter at the pivot of a daily base (VCP, Flat Base, HTF, Cup & Handle)
2Require volume ≥2× average on the breakout day
3Buy stop 0.05–0.20% above the pivot for automatic entry
4Don't chase — if the stock is already +5% above the pivot, skip
5Pyramid into strength: add on flags, not on pullbacks below cost
Exit
1Initial stop: -7 to -8% below entry (the O'Neil rule)
2Raise stop to breakeven once +10%
3Trail with daily MA20 once +15%, weekly MA10 once +25%
4Sell 1/3 at +20%, 1/3 at +40%, trail the rest
5Exit on a close below the weekly MA10 on heavy volume
Risk management
1Max 1% portfolio risk per position
25–8 open positions max — concentration beats diversification
3Reduce to 2–3 positions when SPY is below MA50
4Exit all and go to cash after 3 consecutive stopped-out trades
If you trade this with options

Swing trading with options means buying deep-ITM calls (or puts) with enough DTE to let the trend develop. Avoid short-dated options — theta will eat your profits during the normal pullbacks that every winning swing experiences.

DTE
45 – 90
Enough runway for the full swing; close when 30 DTE remains
Delta
0.65 – 0.80
Deep ITM — behaves like stock, minimal premium decay
Theta
Low–moderate
Manageable at 45+ DTE; accelerates under 30 DTE
IV Rank
< 50
Avoid buying options right before earnings (IV crush risk)
Position sizing
Notional
Size as if you owned 100 shares per contract, not as a premium bet
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Compatible with a full-time job — evenings and weekends
Captures the real part of a trend — not just a few hours
Lower commission drag than day trading
Classic "let winners run" philosophy → asymmetric payoffs
Weaknesses
Overnight and weekend gap risk on every position
Slower feedback — a setup takes weeks to resolve
Requires Stage 2 conditions — struggles in choppy markets
Emotional during pullbacks — easy to sell too early
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Long-Term Options · Stock Substitute
LEAPS
Long-term Equity Anticipation Securities — options with 12 months or more to expiration. Used as a leveraged stock substitute on high-conviction names. Pay a fraction of the share price for ~70–90% of the stock's upside.
12–24 months DTE Stock substitute Deep ITM calls High-conviction only
How it works

LEAPS are options with 12 to 24 months until expiration. The classic use case: buy deep-ITM calls on a high-conviction Stage 2 stock instead of buying the shares directly. You capture most of the upside at a fraction of the capital.

Example: NVDA at $500. Instead of buying 100 shares for $50,000, buy one 18-month $400 call (delta ~0.80) for ~$13,000. You participate in the move at 80% efficiency while tying up 26% of the capital.

The trade-off: you pay time value (intrinsic + extrinsic). On a deep-ITM LEAPS the extrinsic is small (<10% of premium) and theta decay is slow — manageable for a long-term hold. You also get the benefit of built-in leverage without margin interest.

Rule of thumb: roll the LEAPS out when 90 days of DTE remain. Close the short-dated one, open a new one 12+ months out. This avoids the steep theta decay that accelerates inside 60 DTE.

Requirements
1High-conviction bullish thesis — you'd happily own the shares
2Stock in confirmed Stage 2 with accelerating fundamentals
3Liquid options chain — penny-wide spreads, open interest >500 per strike
4Available DTE at 12+ months with a strike delta ≥ 0.70
5Low to moderate IV Rank — avoid buying when IV is at 80+
6Enough capital to size the LEAPS as if holding 100 shares
Entry
1Buy the deep-ITM call with delta between 0.70 and 0.90
2Target 12–24 months to expiration on initial entry
3Enter on a clean daily breakout or on a pullback to the MA50
4Avoid buying right before earnings — IV crush is the enemy
Exit
1Roll out when 90 DTE remains — sell current, buy a new 12+ month
2Close if the underlying breaks its 30-week MA (Stage 4 signal)
3Close if the original thesis is invalidated (bad earnings, sector break)
4Partial profit taking: sell 1/3 at +50% of premium, let the rest run
Risk management
1Size the LEAPS as if you were buying 100 shares — not by premium
2Never risk more than 2% of total portfolio per single LEAPS position
3Diversify across 3–5 different high-conviction names
4Never hold LEAPS on a stock in Stage 4 — close even if time remains
Perfect greeks for LEAPS

LEAPS are the opposite of 0DTE. You want maximum delta (stock-like behavior), minimal theta exposure, and IV that is not overpriced. Everything is geared toward acting like a leveraged shareholder rather than a short-term speculator.

DTE (entry)
365 – 730
Buy with 12–24 months left; roll out when under 90 DTE
Delta
0.70 – 0.90
Deep ITM — behaves ~80% like stock, with 3×+ leverage on capital
Theta
Minimal
Barely decays at 12+ months; accelerates badly under 90 DTE → roll
Vega
High
Long dated = sensitive to IV changes — buy when IV Rank is low
IV Rank
< 30
Best risk/reward when IV is in the bottom third of its 52-week range
Gamma
Low
Gamma is low on LEAPS — that's fine, you want stock-like behavior
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths
Leverage without margin interest — cheaper than buying on margin
Defined maximum loss — you can only lose the premium paid
Captures 70–90% of a multi-year rally on a fraction of capital
No margin call pressure during drawdowns
Tax efficient on winners: long-term capital gains after 12 months
Weaknesses
You pay extrinsic value upfront — not 100% efficient vs shares
Wrong timing can wipe out the position even if the thesis is right
Illiquid strikes on smaller names — slippage on entry and exit
Vega risk: an IV collapse after entry hurts even if price is flat
No dividends — you miss any shareholder payouts
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General Market
The big picture. Before you analyze any stock, you must understand what the overall market is doing. 75% of stocks follow the broad trend — getting this right is the single most important decision you make as a trader.
Market health is condition #1

Minervini: "75% of stocks follow the general market trend." The best setup in the world will fail if the market is in correction. Always check the macro before placing a trade.

Favorable Market
SPY and QQQ above MA50 and MA200
Advance-Decline Line rising
New highs > new lows
Volume rising on green days
Ambiguous Market
!SPY between MA50 and MA200
!Irregular volume, distribution days
!Reduce positions by 50%, avoid new buys
!Wait for confirmation of direction
Unfavorable Market
SPY below MA50 and MA200
Many recent "Distribution Days"
Cash mode: 80–100% in cash
Shorting possible for advanced traders
Relative Strength (RS) — find the leaders

Relative Strength measures how a stock performs vs the S&P 500. It's one of the most important filters used by Minervini and O'Neil. Always buy the strongest, never the cheapest.

RS ≥ 70-80: outperforms 70-80% of the market. SEPA minimum requirement
RS line rising before breakout = institutions are already buying. Strong signal
RS line falling during breakout = the stock is lagging the market. Likely failure
!Target RS ≥ 85 for the best opportunities. The leaders lead for a reason
Tools: IBD RS Rating, Composite Rating, MarketSmith. O'Neil's reference system
When to trade vs when to sit in cash

Cash is a position. The hardest skill in trading is doing nothing when the market doesn't favor your style. Here's the framework:

  • Full offense (3-8 positions): Market in confirmed uptrend. SPY above rising MA50. New highs expanding. Your setups are working.
  • Half offense (1-3 positions): Market is choppy. Mixed signals. Only take A+ setups with tight stops.
  • Cash mode (0 positions): Market in correction. SPY below MA50 and falling. Distribution days stacking up. Protect capital — the next rally will come.

The biggest losses don't come from bad setups — they come from trading the right setup in the wrong market.

Go deeper
Market Structure — trends, S&R, stages, MAs Price Action — candlesticks, volume, BOS, CHoCH Earnings — fundamental analysis
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Foundation
Market Structure
Market structure is the skeleton of every chart. It tells you who's in control — buyers or sellers — and when control is shifting. Master this before any setup, and every trade decision becomes clearer.
HH / HL / LH / LL BOS CHoCH S&R
S/R HH HH HL HL
What is market structure?

Market structure is the framework that defines whether a stock is in an uptrend, downtrend, or range. It's built from a simple concept: the sequence of highs and lows that price makes over time.

Uptrend: Higher Highs (HH) and Higher Lows (HL). Each swing high is above the last, each pullback holds above the previous low. Buyers are in control.

Downtrend: Lower Highs (LH) and Lower Lows (LL). Each rally fails below the last high, each drop breaks below the previous low. Sellers dominate.

Range / Consolidation: Highs and lows are roughly equal. Neither buyers nor sellers have control. Price oscillates between support and resistance.

Understanding structure before looking for a setup tells you whether the environment favors your trade. Most breakout setups work in uptrends. Most short setups work in downtrends. Trading against the structure is swimming upstream.

Uptrend structure

A stock is in an uptrend when it consistently makes:

  • Higher Highs (HH) — each new swing high surpasses the previous one
  • Higher Lows (HL) — each pullback holds above where the last pullback bottomed

Key moving averages for confirmation:

  • Price above the 20 EMA (short-term trend)
  • Price above the 50 SMA (intermediate trend)
  • 50 SMA above the 200 SMA (long-term trend, "golden cross")

A stock in Stage 2 (Weinstein) meets all three conditions. This is where the vast majority of breakout profits are made.

Downtrend structure

A stock is in a downtrend when it makes:

  • Lower Highs (LH) — each rally fails below the previous rally peak
  • Lower Lows (LL) — each decline breaks below the prior swing low

Key signals:

  • Price below the 50 SMA and 200 SMA
  • Moving averages are declining
  • "Death cross" — 50 SMA crosses below 200 SMA

Rule: Never buy breakouts in a downtrend. Wait for structure to shift (a Higher Low followed by a Higher High) before going long.

Support & resistance

Support and resistance are price levels where buying or selling pressure has historically concentrated. They are the invisible walls that price bounces off — until it doesn't.

Support — a price level where demand is strong enough to prevent further decline. Buyers step in because they see value. The more times a level holds, the stronger it becomes.

Resistance — a price level where supply overwhelms demand. Sellers take profits or enter shorts. A stock that fails at resistance multiple times is "building a wall."

Key concepts:

  • Support becomes resistance: When a support level breaks, it often flips into resistance (old buyers are now trapped and want to sell at breakeven)
  • Resistance becomes support: When price breaks above resistance, that level often becomes the new floor (the breakout-and-retest pattern)
  • Round numbers act as psychological S/R ($50, $100, $200)
  • Volume at price (Volume Profile) shows where the most trading occurred — these are the strongest S/R zones
  • Moving averages (20 EMA, 50 SMA, 200 SMA) act as dynamic S/R
HH, HL, LH, LL — reading the swing points

Every chart is a sequence of swing highs and swing lows. The relationship between consecutive swings defines the trend. This is the most fundamental skill in all of trading — if you can identify these four points, you can read any chart.

HH — Higher High
The current swing high is above the previous swing high. Buyers pushed price to a new peak — bullish momentum is intact. Each HH confirms the uptrend is still alive.
HL — Higher Low
The current swing low is above the previous swing low. Buyers are stepping in earlier — they don't need price to drop as far before buying. This is the backbone of an uptrend.
LH — Lower High
The current swing high is below the previous swing high. Sellers are gaining ground — rallies are getting weaker. This is the first sign that an uptrend may be breaking down.
LL — Lower Low
The current swing low is below the previous swing low. Sellers broke through the prior floor — new territory to the downside. Confirmed downtrend when combined with LH.
How to identify swings: A swing high is a candle whose high is higher than the candle before AND after it. A swing low is a candle whose low is lower than both neighbors. On a daily chart, look for peaks and valleys that are at least 3-5 candles apart to avoid noise.
BOS — Break of Structure

A Break of Structure (BOS) occurs when price breaks through a previous swing point in the direction of the existing trend. It's the market confirming that the trend is continuing — not reversing.

Bullish BOS

In an uptrend, price makes a new Higher High — it breaks above the previous swing high. This confirms that buyers are still in control and the uptrend is intact.

What to do: Look for the next pullback (HL) as a buying opportunity. The BOS validates that the structure is bullish.

Bearish BOS

In a downtrend, price makes a new Lower Low — it breaks below the previous swing low. Sellers are still in control and the downtrend continues.

What to do: Avoid buying. Wait for a CHoCH (see below) before considering longs. Short sellers look for the next rally (LH) as an entry.

Key point: BOS = trend continuation signal. It's NOT a reversal. When you see a BOS, the existing trend just got stronger confirmation. Trade with the trend, not against it.
CHoCH — Change of Character

A Change of Character (CHoCH) is the first signal that a trend may be reversing. It happens when price breaks a swing point against the existing trend — the first crack in the structure.

Bearish CHoCH (uptrend breaking)

The stock was in an uptrend (HH + HL). Then it makes a Lower Low — breaking below the most recent HL. This is the first sign that buyers lost control.

Sequence: HH → HL → HH → LL (CHoCH!) → LH → LL (confirmed downtrend)

What to do: If you're long, tighten stops immediately or exit. Do NOT buy new breakouts until structure is repaired (new HH + HL).

Bullish CHoCH (downtrend breaking)

The stock was in a downtrend (LH + LL). Then it makes a Higher High — breaking above the most recent LH. Sellers lost control for the first time.

Sequence: LL → LH → LL → HH (CHoCH!) → HL → HH (confirmed uptrend)

What to do: This is the earliest entry for a potential trend reversal. Wait for the first HL after the CHoCH for a safer entry with a defined stop.

BOS vs CHoCH summary: BOS = trend continuation (price breaks a swing point WITH the trend). CHoCH = potential reversal (price breaks a swing point AGAINST the trend). BOS confirms, CHoCH warns.
Why this matters for every trade

Every setup in this journal — Breakout, VCP, Episodic Pivot, Flat Base — works best when the underlying structure is bullish (HH + HL on the daily chart). Here's how structure connects to your setups:

  • Breakout: only valid if the stock is in an uptrend (HH+HL). A breakout in a downtrend (LH+LL) is a trap
  • VCP: the base forms during an uptrend pullback (creating a HL). The pivot is the BOS that starts the next leg
  • Episodic Pivot: the gap resets the structure. Look for HH+HL AFTER the gap to confirm the new trend
  • Parabolic Short: short after a CHoCH — when the parabolic stock makes its first LL, sellers have arrived
  • Stop placement: place your stop below the most recent HL in an uptrend. If that HL breaks, it's a CHoCH and you should be out anyway
The 4 stages of a stock (Weinstein)

Every stock cycles through four phases. Knowing which stage a stock is in tells you whether to buy, hold, sell, or short. This framework, developed by Stan Weinstein, is used by Minervini, O'Neil, and most professional momentum traders.

Stage 1
Accumulation
Stock moves sideways after a decline. MA200 flattens. Smart money quietly buys. Volume is low. Most traders ignore it.
Stage 2
Advancing
This is where you buy. Price above rising MA50 and MA200. HH + HL structure. Volume expands on breakouts. The majority of big moves happen here.
Stage 3
Distribution
Stock tops out and moves sideways. MA200 flattens. Volume is heavy but price goes nowhere. Smart money sells to retail. Get out.
Stage 4
Declining
Price below falling MA50 and MA200. LL + LH structure. This is where shorts profit and longs get destroyed. Never buy Stage 4 stocks.
Essential moving averages
1010 EMA — The fastest pulse. Momentum traders use this for timing entries on the daily chart. If price pulls back to the 10 EMA and bounces, the move is still alive
2020 EMA — Short-term trend gauge. Qullamaggie uses this as his primary trailing stop for swing trades. Price consistently above = strong momentum
5050 SMA — Intermediate trend. Institutional traders watch this closely. A bounce off the 50 SMA in an uptrend is a classic buy-the-dip signal
150150 SMA — Minervini's "trend template" line. Price must be above the 150 SMA, and the 150 must be rising, for a stock to qualify as Stage 2
200200 SMA — The long-term trend divider. Above it = bull territory. Below it = bear territory. The "golden cross" (50 above 200) and "death cross" (50 below 200) are widely watched institutional signals
Pre-trade structure checklist

Before entering any trade, answer these questions about market structure:

Is the stock in Stage 2? (Price > rising MA50 > rising MA150 > rising MA200)
Is it making Higher Highs and Higher Lows on the daily chart?
Is the relative strength line at or near new highs?
Is the breakout happening on above-average volume (2x+ preferred)?
Is the overall market in a confirmed uptrend? (SPY/QQQ above 50 SMA)
Is there a clear support level for my stop loss placement?
Is the risk/reward at least 2:1 based on the nearest resistance?
Am I avoiding the trade if any of the above fail?
Continue learning
Price Action — candlesticks, volume, reading charts General Market — macro analysis, RS
My Notes — Market Structure Click to edit
✓ Saved
Foundation
Price Action
Price action is how the market communicates. Candlestick patterns tell you who won the battle on each bar. Volume tells you how many soldiers showed up. Together they give you conviction — or tell you to step aside.
Candlesticks Volume Confirmation
Reading a candlestick

Each candlestick represents one period of trading (1 day on a daily chart, 5 minutes on a 5-min chart). It has four data points:

  • Open — where price started the period
  • Close — where price ended the period
  • High — the highest price reached (top of the wick)
  • Low — the lowest price reached (bottom of the wick)

Green/bullish candle: close > open. Buyers won this period. The body shows the range between open (bottom) and close (top).

Red/bearish candle: close < open. Sellers won. The body shows open (top) to close (bottom).

The wicks (shadows) tell the story of the battle. A long lower wick means sellers pushed hard but buyers fought back. A long upper wick means buyers tried but sellers rejected them.

Candlestick patterns that matter

Dozens of patterns exist, but only a few consistently move the needle for momentum and swing traders. Master these six and you'll read 90% of what a chart is telling you:

Hammer
BULLISH REVERSAL
Small body at the top, long lower shadow (2x+ body). Appears at the bottom of a downtrend. Sellers pushed price down but buyers fought back. The longer the shadow, the stronger the reversal.
Shooting Star
BEARISH REVERSAL
Small body at the bottom, long upper shadow. Top of an uptrend. Buyers pushed up but sellers overwhelmed them. Warning that momentum is exhausting.
Bullish Engulfing
BULLISH REVERSAL
A large green candle completely engulfs the previous red candle. The bigger the body and higher the volume, the more powerful. Best at support or after a CHoCH.
Bearish Engulfing
BEARISH REVERSAL
A large red candle engulfs the previous green. Sellers took control. Very powerful at resistance or after an extended rally with climax volume.
Doji
INDECISION
Open and close are the same — a cross shape. Perfect equilibrium. After a strong trend, a doji warns that momentum is fading. Watch the next candle for direction.
Morning Star
BULLISH REVERSAL
Three-candle pattern: large red, small star (doji), large green. The transition point where selling exhausts and buyers take over. Very reliable at support levels.
Volume — the conviction meter

Price tells you what happened. Volume tells you how much conviction was behind it. A candlestick pattern without volume confirmation is just a pattern — add volume and it becomes a signal.

1Breakout on 2x+ volume — institutions are participating. This is a real breakout, not retail noise
2Pullback on low volume — healthy. Supply dries up, holders aren't selling. Ideal for VCP and flag entries
3Breakout on low volume — suspicious fake-out. Institutions aren't committing. Tight stops or skip
4Rally on declining volume — distribution. Price rises but conviction drops. Smart money may be selling into strength
5Climax volume spike — after an extended move, a massive volume bar signals exhaustion. Parabolic shorts and reversals start here
6Volume dry-up in base — the quieter the base, the more explosive the eventual breakout. No sellers left = supply absorbed
Putting it all together

No single element — candle, volume, or structure — is enough on its own. The best entries happen when all three align:

  • Structure says BUY — the stock is making HH + HL, in Stage 2, above rising MAs (see Market Structure)
  • Candlestick says NOW — a bullish engulfing, hammer, or strong green bar at support/MA/base breakout
  • Volume says REAL — the signal candle has 1.5-2x+ average volume, confirming institutional participation

When all three agree, take the trade with confidence. When any one disagrees, reduce size or skip.

Real-world application
Breakout trade: Stock in Stage 2 (HH+HL) forms a tight base. Breaks resistance on a large green candle with 2x volume → enter. Stop below base
Pullback buy: Stock pulls back to 20 EMA. Hammer candle with low volume (sellers exhausted) → next day green candle with rising volume → enter on the bounce
Fake breakout: Stock breaks resistance but on low volume. Next day: shooting star with a long upper wick → failed breakout. Exit or don't enter
!Trend exhaustion: After a 40% run, climax volume spike + bearish engulfing at resistance → CHoCH likely. Don't buy, consider shorting if LH forms
Related pages
Market Structure — HH/HL, BOS, CHoCH, Weinstein stages General Market — macro health, relative strength
My Notes — Price Action Click to edit
✓ Saved
Mark Minervini · Fundamental Analysis
Earnings according to Minervini
For Minervini, fundamentals are not optional. The vast majority of the best trades are made on stocks with accelerating earnings. Here is how to analyze them like a professional before placing a trade.
EPS Acceleration Revenue Growth Margins rising Institutional buying Guidance
EPS ACCELERATION Q1 +12% Q2 +25% Q3 +45% Q4 +72% Q5 +110% Q6 +165%
Why Earnings are Critical

Minervini says: "Stocks don't make big moves without a fundamental reason." Accelerating earnings are the fuel of great bull trends. Institutions don't take large positions in companies that don't show real growth.

History shows that the biggest multibaggers (NVDA, Tesla, Amazon, Google) all experienced a remarkable acceleration of their EPS before their big moves. This is not a coincidence.

The key is not just growth — it's the acceleration of growth. A company going from +20% EPS to +50% EPS to +100% EPS from one quarter to the next is infinitely more attractive than one growing at a steady +50%.

Minervini's EPS Criteria (SEPA)
1Annual EPS growth: minimum +25% over the last 3 years
2Recent quarterly EPS: minimum +25% vs same quarter prior year
3Acceleration: each quarter better than the previous (+20%, +40%, +70%...)
4EPS surprise: results above analyst estimates (+10%+ ideally)
5Upward revisions: analysts raised their estimates after the results
6Guidance: management gives optimistic forecasts for the next quarter
Revenue & Margin Criteria
1Revenue growth: minimum +20–25% year-over-year for the last 3 quarters
2Revenue acceleration: each quarter accelerating (same logic as EPS)
3Gross margins: expanding (the company is becoming more profitable, not just bigger)
4ROE (Return on Equity): minimum 17% (O'Neil / CAN SLIM criterion)
5Profit After Tax: positive and improving net margin
Revenues confirm that EPS growth is real (not just buybacks)
Institutional Signals
1Rising number of institutional shareholders from one quarter to the next
2Quality fund ownership: Fidelity, Vanguard, BlackRock, T. Rowe Price
3Insider buying: executives buying their own stock
4High short interest can amplify a bullish move (short squeeze)
5 Too many funds = "overcrowded" stock = dangerous (sudden liquidation possible)
Sources: SEC 13F filings, IBD, Finviz, Whale Wisdom
Earnings Strategy: Before, During, After
Before the Announcement
1Analyze the last 3–4 quarters of EPS and revenue
2Note the analyst consensus and the history of surprises
3Verify the stock is in a clean base (VCP, Flat Base)
!NEVER "gamble" on an earnings report without an existing position
The Day Of
Gap +10% or more with record volume = Power Earnings Gap
The stock holds its gains in the first 30–60 minutes
Gap up then reversal = "Sell the News", avoid
!Analyze EPS, revenue, margins, guidance quickly
After the Announcement
1Wait 1–5 days of consolidation (PEG Base) before buying
Price holds above the gap low = valid setup
Price closes below gap low = exit immediately
Read the earnings call: pay attention to management tone
Red Flags to Absolutely Avoid
Fundamental Warning Signs
EPS deceleration: +80%, +60%, +40%... growth is slowing
Revenue growth below EPS growth (buybacks = optical illusion)
Gross margin compression (competition, rising costs)
Disappointing or withdrawn guidance for the next quarter
Aggressive accounting: revenues recognized too early, deferred expenses
Technical Warning Signs
Gap down after good results = massive institutional distribution
Stock returns into the base after a post-earnings breakout
Huge volume decline in post-earnings days (liquidation)
Massive insider selling after the announcement
Short interest rising while results are good
My Notes — Earnings & Fundamentals Click to edit
✓ Saved
Welcome to Valorian
Your trading journal is the single most important tool for long-term improvement. This guide shows you how to use every feature to its full potential.
What is Valorian?

Valorian is a personal trading journal designed for stocks and options traders. It helps you track every trade, review your performance, document your setups, and build the discipline that separates profitable traders from the rest.

The journal is not about recording numbers — any spreadsheet can do that. It's about building a feedback loop: you trade, you record, you review, you learn, you improve. Over hundreds of trades, this loop compounds into a real edge.

Why journaling matters

Studies show that 80-90% of retail traders lose money. The common thread? No system, no review, no accountability. The traders who survive and profit share one habit: they journal.

  • See your real numbers — not what your ego tells you. Win rate, profit factor, average R:R, drawdowns — these are the truth.
  • Stop repeating mistakes — without a log, you make the same error 50 times before you notice. With a log, you catch it after 3.
  • Build pattern recognition — reviewing your own trades teaches you more than any course. You start seeing which setups work for you.
  • Reduce emotional trading — when you know you have to write down why you entered, FOMO and revenge trades become much harder to justify.
Dashboard & KPIs

The Dashboard shows your overall performance at a glance: total P&L, win rate, profit factor, equity curve, and monthly breakdown. Check it daily after the close to see how the day affected your account.

Stocks & Options pages

Every closed trade lives here with full detail: entry, exit, P&L, hold time, and your notes. Click any row to open the trade detail panel where you can add screenshots, notes, and setup tags.

Screenshots

Attach a chart screenshot to every trade. When you review a month later, the screenshot tells you more than any number. Mark entry, stop, and target on the chart before saving. Supported: JPG, PNG, WEBP (max 2 MB, auto-compressed).

Performance

The Performance page calculates win rate, profit factor, streaks, best/worst setups, and P&L by day of week. Use it weekly to identify what's working and what's bleeding your account.

Education section

The Education section contains a 5-stage learning path from foundations to advanced strategies, plus detailed breakdowns of 15+ setups (Breakout, VCP, Episodic Pivot, Parabolic Short, and more). Each setup has entry rules, risk placement, pros/cons, video resources, and a personal photo gallery for your own chart examples. Use it as your strategy reference library.

How to Take Trade Notes
Good notes are the difference between a journal that changes your trading and one that collects dust. Here's how to write notes that actually help you improve.
What to include in every note

A good trade note answers these questions in 2-3 sentences:

  • Why I entered — the setup, the trigger, what confirmed it
  • Market condition — trending, choppy, pre-earnings, news-driven?
  • Timeframe used — daily chart, 5-min, hourly? Were they aligned?
  • Setup type — tag it (Breakout, VCP, EP, etc.) for later analysis
  • Risk level — where was your stop? What % of account was at risk?
  • Emotions — were you calm, anxious, greedy, fearful, bored?
  • Mistakes — what would you do differently?
  • Lesson — one thing to carry forward
Bad note
"Entered because it looked good."
"Lost money. Will do better next time."
"TSLA trade."

These notes tell you nothing when you review them a month later. You won't remember why you entered, what the market was doing, or what you learned.

Good note
"Entered NVDA after breakout retest on key $142 level. Confirmation candle on the 15-min with higher timeframe trend aligned. Stop below base at $139. Risked 0.8% of account. Calm entry, no FOMO."
"TSLA — revenge trade after two losses. Entered without a clear setup just to make back the money. Cut at -$80. Lesson: if I can't name the setup, I don't take the trade."

These notes are specific, honest, and actionable. You'll learn something every time you re-read them.

Daily journal

In addition to per-trade notes, use the Daily Recap page to write a short end-of-day summary. This is where you capture the overall market environment, your mental state, and whether you followed your plan. Even 2-3 sentences help. Over time, you'll see patterns: "I always overtrade on Fridays" or "I perform best when I limit myself to 2 setups."

How to Build & Track Setups
A setup is your playbook entry — a specific chart pattern or condition that tells you when to trade. Tracking setups lets you measure which ones actually make you money.
What is a setup?

A setup is a repeatable set of conditions that, when met, give you an edge. Examples: "Breakout above resistance on 2x volume," "VCP with 3+ contractions," or "Episodic pivot with gap > 10%." The key word is repeatable — if you can't describe it in one sentence, it's not a setup, it's a guess.

Why tracking setups matters

After 50+ trades, the Performance page breaks down your results by setup. You'll see something like:

  • Breakout: 35 trades, 65% WR, +$2,140
  • VCP: 12 trades, 75% WR, +$980
  • No Setup: 8 trades, 25% WR, -$620

The "No Setup" row is the insight: every trade without a defined setup lost money. This data is only possible because you tagged each trade.

How to create and save setups
  1. Go to the By Setup page in the sidebar
  2. Click + New setup
  3. Give it a clear name (e.g., "Breakout", "Gap & Go", "VWAP Fade")
  4. Pick an icon from the icon grid
  5. If you're an admin, choose Public (everyone sees it) or Private (just you)
  6. Click Save setup

Once created, you can tag any trade with this setup from the trade detail panel. The Performance page will then track its win rate, P&L, and frequency automatically.

Documenting setup quality

For each setup, document in the Education section:

  • Entry conditions — what MUST be true before you enter
  • Stop placement — exact rule (e.g., "below the base low")
  • Target — where you take profit (measured move, R multiple, prior high)
  • Chart examples — upload annotated screenshots of past trades that fit this setup. The Education photo gallery is built for this.
  • When to skip — market conditions where this setup fails (e.g., "don't trade breakouts in a down-trending market")
How to Review Trades
The review is where the learning happens. Trading without reviewing is like studying without ever taking the test — you feel productive but nothing sticks.
Post-trade checklist

After every trade, ask yourself these questions:

  1. Did I follow my rules? — entry criteria, stop placement, position size
  2. Was the setup valid? — did it meet all conditions, or did I force it?
  3. Was my risk correct? — was I within 1% of account? Was the stop logical?
  4. Did emotions affect execution? — did I enter early, exit late, move my stop?
  5. What would I do differently? — one specific thing to improve next time
  6. Would I take this trade again? — if yes, it was a good process trade regardless of outcome
Using screenshots in reviews

The most powerful review tool is a screenshot with annotations. Here's how to do it:

  1. Open the chart at the time of your trade (TradingView daily chart works best)
  2. Mark your entry (green line), stop (red line), and target (blue line)
  3. Add any notes on the chart (support/resistance levels, volume bars, etc.)
  4. Take a screenshot (Win+Shift+S on Windows, Cmd+Shift+4 on Mac)
  5. Open the trade in Valorian, click the screenshot zone, and upload

When you review a month later, the annotated screenshot instantly reminds you of the context. Numbers alone don't tell the full story.

Identifying repeated mistakes

After 20-30 trades, patterns emerge. Common ones to watch for:

  • Overtrading — more trades on losing days (check the Rules page for violations)
  • Moving stops — "giving it more room" always means bigger losses
  • FOMO entries — entering late because the stock already moved 5%+
  • Revenge trading — two losses → impulsive third trade to "make it back"
  • Size violations — bigger size after a win streak, smaller after losses

The key is to focus on process, not money. A losing trade with perfect execution is a good trade. A winning trade that broke your rules is a bad trade.

Review schedule
  • Daily (2 min) — log trades, add notes, upload screenshots
  • Weekly (15 min) — review the week's trades on the Daily Recap page. Check the Rules page for violations. Write a weekly summary.
  • Monthly (30 min) — open the Monthly Recap. Check P&L by setup. Identify your best and worst patterns. Set one goal for next month.
Broker Import Guides
Step-by-step instructions for importing your trade history from each supported broker.
Supported Interactive Brokers (IBKR)
+

Method: Flex Query XML (automated) or Activity Statement CSV

Option A: Automated Flex Query (recommended)

  1. Log in to IBKR Client Portal
  2. Go to Reports → Flex Queries
  3. Create a new Flex Query with these sections: Trades (all fields)
  4. Save the query and note the Query ID
  5. Go to Settings → Flex Web Service and generate a Token
  6. In Valorian, click ImportIBKR Auto Import
  7. The system fetches your trades automatically via the Flex API

Option B: Manual CSV import

  1. Log in to IBKR Client Portal
  2. Go to Reports → Statements → Activity
  3. Select your date range and download as CSV
  4. In Valorian, click ImportIBKR CSV
  5. Upload the file — trades are mapped and imported automatically
Flex Query is the best option — it syncs automatically and handles stocks + options in one import.
Supported Generic CSV (any broker)
+

If your broker exports trade history as a CSV file, you can import it using the Generic CSV importer.

  1. Export your trade history from your broker as CSV
  2. In Valorian, click ImportGeneric CSV
  3. Upload the file — the system shows you the column headers
  4. Map each column to the correct field: Date, Symbol, P&L (required), plus optional: Entry, Exit, Qty, Fees
  5. Preview the first 5 rows to verify the mapping
  6. Click Import — done
The minimum required fields are Date, Symbol, and Net P&L. Everything else is optional but improves your analytics.
Coming soon MetaTrader (MT4 / MT5)
+

Direct MetaTrader integration is planned. In the meantime, you can use the Generic CSV importer:

  1. In MetaTrader, go to Account History tab
  2. Right-click → Save as Detailed Report (HTML)
  3. Open the HTML file, select the trade table, copy-paste into a spreadsheet
  4. Save as CSV and import via the Generic CSV option
Coming soon NinjaTrader
+

NinjaTrader direct import is planned. Current workaround:

  1. In NinjaTrader, go to Trade Performance
  2. Click Export to save your trade list as CSV
  3. Import via Valorian's Generic CSV option
Coming soon cTrader
+

cTrader integration is planned. Current workaround:

  1. In cTrader, go to History
  2. Select your date range and click Export to Excel
  3. Save as CSV and import via Valorian's Generic CSV option
Frequently Asked Questions
Quick answers to the most common questions about using Valorian.
Should I journal every single trade?
+

Yes. Every trade, including the ones you're embarrassed about. Those are actually the most valuable to review. Skipping bad trades means you'll never learn from them. Import your full broker history — the journal does the work of organizing it.

What screenshots should I upload?
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The daily chart showing your entry, stop, and target. Use TradingView, mark the levels with horizontal lines, and screenshot the full setup. For intraday trades, also capture the intraday chart (5-min or 15-min) showing the exact entry timing.

How detailed should my notes be?
+

2-4 sentences is enough. Cover: why you entered, what happened, and what you learned. Don't write essays — you won't read them during review. Be specific and honest.

What is the difference between open and closed trades?
+

Open trades are positions you currently hold — the journal tracks their live P&L. Closed trades are completed positions with a final entry, exit, and P&L. Most of your journaling and review happens on closed trades.

Should I review winning trades too?
+

Absolutely. Reviewing winners teaches you what works. Did you follow your rules? Was the setup clean? Could you have held longer? Many traders only review losses and never learn to repeat their best trades.

How do I track repeated mistakes?
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Use the Rules page — set your risk limits (max position size, max daily loss, max trades/day) and the system automatically flags violations. Also, tag trades with "No Setup" when you enter impulsively — after 20 trades, check the Performance page to see how those trades performed vs. your planned setups.

What if my broker export format changes?
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Use the Generic CSV importer — it lets you re-map columns to fields, so even if your broker changes their export layout, you can adjust the mapping on the fly. For IBKR Flex Query, the format is standardized and rarely changes.

Is my data safe and private?
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Yes. All data is protected by Row-Level Security in Supabase. No user can see another user's trades, notes, or screenshots — ever. Your data is encrypted in transit and at rest. Guest data is stored only in your browser's localStorage.

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